GC3ZEZE Mondo's NAT #209 - Halchidhoma
Type: Traditional | Size: Micro | Difficulty: | Terrain:
By: mondou2 @ | Hide Date: 10/22/2012 | Status: Available
Country: United States | State: Colorado
Coordinates: N39° 58.741 W104° 56.289 | Last updated: 08/30/2019 | Fav points: 0
       

---

Native American Tribe series.

---

Halchidhoma

The Halchidhoma (Halchidhoma: Xalychidom Piipaa or Xalychidom Piipaash -'people who live toward the water') are an Indian tribe now living mostly on the Salt River reservation, but formerly native to the area along the lower Colorado River in California and Arizona when first contacted by Europeans. In the early nineteenth century, under pressure from their hostile Mohave and Quechan neighbors, they moved to the middle Gila River, where some merged with the Maricopa, and others went on to Salt River and maintained an independent identity.

The Halchidhoma entered written history in 1604-1605, when a Spanish expedition coming overland from New Mexico under Juan de Oņate encountered the "Alebdoma" on the lower Colorado River, below its junction with the Gila River. When the Jesuit missionary-explorer Eusebio Francisco Kino returned to the river in 1700, the Halchidhoma had moved to a portion of the river 100 miles farther north.

A system of military alliances and traditional hostilities seems to have prevailed among the relatively warlike tribes of the lower Colorado and Gila rivers. This may account for the Halchidhoma's move during the seventeenth century. The Halchidhoma were part of an alliance that also included the Maricopa and Cocopa, among others, and was opposed by the Quechan and Mohave. In the 1820s, the Halchidhoma were finally driven from the Colorado River. They took refuge with the Maricopa on the middle Gila River. In the following decades, some continued on to Lehi on the Salt River and maintained a separate identity, while others stayed and became assimilated to the Maricopa. The territory on the Colorado River vacated by the Halchidhoma was subsequently occupied by the Chemehuevi.

06/30/2019 By mondou2
Replaced

06/27/2019 By Saloongirl
Darn it

06/06/2019 By CoAlms
Dnf

01/04/2019 By OneKindWord
Took advantage of my lunch hour on a gorgeous day to work on finding more in this series. The parking was easy, the finds were quick, and everything was in good shape. TFTC

11/03/2018 By GMom56
Nice cool sunny day. Thanks

07/13/2018 By dtvman
Doing some power caching today to work towards 100 for the Hidden Creatures souveniers. TFTC. On to the next.

06/30/2018 By robespierre50
Still in good shape here, sl thanks.

03/04/2018 By Rohatx
Easy grab here. On to the next!

01/07/2018 By peace love pi
50 degrees out today - I'm not in Michigan anymore! TFTC! All is well with this cache.

01/03/2018 By DanndyDan
Out and about. TFTH

12/09/2017 By dustyriver
Re visit - An early morning revisit with BriGuy on this great day of caching - Best Wishes, DustyRiver

01/12/2017 By dustyriver
Last find of the day, snowing, blowing and dark - Thanks for the caches ( Tomorrow waits )