Native American Tribe series.
Mescalero Apache
The Mescalero Apache were one of the fiercest of the Apache groups in the southwest when defending their homelands. Nomadic hunters and warriors, they moved from place to place setting up their wickiups, ranging in Texas, Arizona and Mexico. Between 1700-1750, many Mescalero bands were displaced from the Southern Plains in northern and central Texas from the enemy Comanche, at which time, they took refuge in the mountains of New Mexico, western Texas, Coahuila and Chihuahua, Mexico.
A reservation was established for them in 1873 first located near Fort Stanton, New Mexico. Ten years later, another reservation was established, which was situated almost entirely in Otero County. Later, they opened their doors to other Apache bands, the Chiricahua who were imprisoned at Fort Sill, Oklahoma, and the Lipan Apache.
The tribe is federally recognized as the Mescalero Apache Tribe of the Mescalero Apache Reservation in south central New Mexico. They are comprised of three sub-tribes -- the Mescalero, Lipan and Chiricahua, and have more than 3,000 members. Many of them live on the 720 square mile reservation that was once the heartland of their original territory. Ranching and tourism are major sources of income.