Native American Tribes series.
Tulalip
The Tulalip Tribes of Washington /tu?'le?l?p/, formerly known as the Tulalip Tribes of the Tulalip Reservation, is a federally recognized tribe of Duwamish, Snohomish, Snoqualmie, Skagit, Suiattle, Samish, and Stillaguamish people. They are South and Central Coast Salish peoples of indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast. Their tribes are located in the mid-Puget Sound region of Washington. The term Tulalip comes from Snohomish and means "a bay shaped like a purse." It was used in 1855 to describe the tribes who joined together on the Tulalip Reservation.
The aboriginal Tulalip band was one of three clans of the Twana, a Salish tribe that inhabited the west side of Hood Canal. The ancestral tongue was Lushootseed, a variant of the Salish language. The Tulalip Tribe's ancestral home, Hebolb, lay at the mouth of the Snohomish River.
In similar fashion to numerous neighboring Northwest tribes, the Tulalip followed a fishing, hunting and gathering way of life based on the seasons. They harvested salmon during the spring and summer runs, then preserved and stored it for the winter. They rounded out their diet by game hunting, and gathering berries and roots. The Tulalip moved from place to place to subsist, and the cedar canoe was a principal means of transportation. They also used cedar to build durable longhouses in which they lived during the cold months.
Inherent in Tulalip lifeways was a profound reverence for their environment; they shared a spiritual kinship with living things. For example, a ceremony was held to honor the first-caught salmon of the season.
The Tulalip also traded with neighboring tribes. By the time of European settlement in the early 19th century, members of the tribe pursued trading and fishing opportunities throughout Puget Sound and as far north as the Fraser River of present-day British Columbia.
Overwhelmed by the force and numbers of non-Indian settlers in the Puget Sound region, the Tulalip and others eventually gave up the land their forebears had dwelt upon for millennia, in exchange for a nominal monetary pay-out and permanent protection provided by the federal government. The leaders of 22 local tribes signed the historic Point Elliott Treaty at Mukilteo on January 22, 1855.
Among other reservations, the treaty established the Tulalip Reservation, which was enlarged by a presidential executive order in 1873. It became a permanent home for the Tulalip as well as members of the Samish, Skagit, Snohomish, Snoqualmie, Stillaguamish and Suiattle tribes. Relegation to the so-called reserve radically changed their lives and sense of self-identity by removing their autonomy. They were forced to abandon much of their traditional culture and their native tongues.