Native American Tribe Series
St. Regis
The first race of Indians to adopt the Republican form of government is the St. Regis tribe in Franklin county, New York. The only difference between their government and that of the United States is the names which their officials take. Instead of head of the government being called a president, they use the word chief, and for his cabinet he has sub-chiefs. Under the latter there are several clerks. Three chiefs, with their sub-chiefs, hold what they call a tribal court, having authority to settle all disputes and aid the minor courts in exercising the law.
All officials are elected by ballot, and the Indians are known to be clever politicians. They have to be, for there are four parties in the tribe, each one having a separate ticket and emblem. The Iroquois put a horse over their ticket, the Mohawks use a cow, the Redmen an eagle and the Indians a rope and anchor. Elections are held every year, after which there is much excitement, as in any American city. Celebrations and a procession take place when government blankets are handed to the people by the new officials. In this manner they give their pledge to carry out the wishes of the people.
There are about 6,000 Indians on the reservation, most of whom have adopted Theodore Roosevelt’s teachings and have reared large families. This is true to such an extent that American Indians of New York State probably never will be exterminated. It is true that on other reservations the Indians are gradually disappearing in numbers and style, but this probably will never happen to New York Indians.
They have eight school districts on the St. Regis reservation, including one industrial school and two churches. Their homes are log cabins instead of the tepee, each having a living room and bedroom to the Indians, as they take more interest in the elections than they do in their homes. The pleasant home is the exception to the rule.
Little is known of the St. Regis Indians’ early history. No early records were kept. It is generally believed that they are descendants of the Mohawks. They settled on the St. Regis reservation soon after the battle of Sacket’s Harbor in 1812 and formed a religious colony.
The reservation covers an area of 36 miles in the northwest corner of Franklin county. It runs along the Canadian frontier, and the St. Lawrence river, containing some of the best farming land in that section. A large area is timbered, and there is pasture land.
Like other classes of American Indians, the members of the St. Regis tribe easily become victims of tuberculosis. It is said that the reservation schools have contributed more than any other cause to the spread of the White Plague among them.